This study examines coil gun technology, focusing on its principles, components, advancements, and potential applications. Coil guns, or Gauss guns, use electromagnetic fields generated by sequentially activated coils to propel projectiles, offering advantages such as reduced wear and higher efficiency compared to traditional firearms. The system relies on multi-stage coils, capacitors, switching circuits, and sensors to synchronize acceleration, maximize energy efficiency, and prevent deceleration. Recent advancements include optimized coil designs, energy recovery mechanisms, and improved control systems, enhancing performance and reducing energy losses. Currently used in research and educational contexts, coil guns hold promise in defense, space exploration, and medical technologies. Applications include non-explosive weapons, cost-efficient payload launches, and innovative drug delivery systems. Despite challenges like energy consumption and scalability, advancements in materials, energy storage, and electronics are paving the way for broader adoption. This research underscores the transformative potential of coil guns in various fields.