This chapter presents a systematic analysis of 3D printing research in Turkey, evaluating 61 doctoral and medical specialization theses retrieved from the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) database. The study aims to map national research trends, revealing a distinct “bipolar” ecosystem. While an initial review of doctoral work indicated a dominance of Science and Engineering (79%), the inclusion of medical and dentistry specialization theses shifts the majority to Health Sciences (54.1%). Engineering research primarily targets material development and innovative manufacturing, whereas the health sector particularly dentistry focuses heavily on the clinical validation of materials and surgical simulation. A critical gap identified is the near-total absence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration; only one study utilized AI, despite its necessity for Industry 4.0. The authors conclude that to advance beyond manual parameter testing, Turkey’s academic infrastructure must urgently bridge the gap between physical production and cognitive AI systems.