Energetic materials (EMs) are essential components in military and civilian applications, including munitions, explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. The ongoing demand for improved performance, safety, and stability has driven advancements, classifying EMs primarily into low and high explosives based on their chemical composition and behavior upon ignition. Recent research places emphasis on high-nitrogen and ionic liquid compounds, which offer high energy outputs with favorable environmental profiles. Additionally, innovations in synthetic methodologies and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have enhanced stability and reduced the sensitivity of EMs to external stimuli. Characterization techniques such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide insights into the structures and properties crucial to the performance of EMs, while dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal evaluations ensure reliability under diverse conditions. Cocrystallization emerges as a promising method for tuning properties without requiring entirely new syntheses, enhancing both safety and performance. Future EM research is expected to leverage computational modeling and machine learning to predict properties and accelerate material development while addressing safety challenges. The push for sustainable practices will also continue to shape EM advancements, ensuring improved functionality and compliance with environmental standards. In conclusion, the field of energetic materials is evolving rapidly, characterized by significant chemical innovations and a focus on safety and environmental sustainability, which will define its future applications across various sectors.