Composite solid rocket propellants (CSRPs) are essential for contemporary propulsion systems, employed across military and civilian sectors due to their high energy output and reliability. Their heterogeneous nature facilitates the combination of various materials such as solid oxidizers and metallic fuels within a polymer matrix resulting in tailored performance characteristics important for specific mission profiles. Recent developments highlight the significance of adjusting formulations, including the use of alternative oxidizers like ammonium dinitramide (ADN), which offer environmental benefits due to the absence of toxic combustion products associated with traditional propellants. Ongoing research into CSRPs underscores advancements in enhancing burn rate, thrust, and overall stability. For instance, the optimization of ammonium perchlorate's particle size distribution plays a critical role in improving combustion rates and stability. Furthermore, the integration of energetic binders such as glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) marks a significant trend toward maximizing propellant energy density, allowing for higher performance compared to traditional hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). As the aerospace industry continues to prioritize environmentally responsible propulsion strategies, CSRPs remain foundational to meeting evolving demands in propulsion technology. In summary, CSRPs embody an evolving technology that balances the needs for performance, safety, and environmental responsibility. Their continuous development is crucial for advancing both military and civilian aerospace applications.