Wireless Motion Detection for Bionic Hands: A Flexible Sensor–Based Real-Time Control Application

Next Generation Engineering: Smart Solutions and Applications

Editors: Sabri KOÇER, Özgür DÜNDAR


Next Generation Engineering: Smart Solutions and Applications

20

Wireless Motion Detection for Bionic Hands: A Flexible Sensor–Based Real-Time Control Application

Chapter Authors: Yunus Emre GÖKTEPE, Mehmet TORUN

Pages: 68-77

 This chapter presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, wirelessly controlled bionic hand system that utilizes flexible sensor–based motion detection to achieve real-time replication of human finger movements. The proposed system integrates a wearable glove equipped with flex sensors, an Arduino Nano–based data acquisition unit, an nRF24L01 wireless communication module, and a tendon-driven robotic hand controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller. The mechanical structure of the robotic hand is handcrafted from wood and incorporates fishing-line tendon mechanisms alongside a compact 3D-printed servo chamber, offering an accessible and customizable alternative to commercially available prosthetic solutions. Signal acquisition, filtering, and sensor-to-servo mapping are carried out through lightweight control algorithms designed to minimize latency and ensure smooth actuation. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the system successfully mimics natural flexion–extension patterns with high responsiveness and functional stability. Compared to conventional wired prosthetic systems, the wireless architecture significantly enhances user mobility, comfort, and operational flexibility. Owing to its open-source hardware and software design, the platform provides a versatile foundation for future enhancements, including multi-sensor fusion, machine learning–based gesture recognition, and integration with electromyography signals. Overall, this study contributes an affordable and scalable approach to assistive robotics by combining handcrafted mechanical components with modern embedded technologies to support rehabilitation, research, and educational applications.

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